diagnosing adults: recent publications

All articles where diagnosing adults is mentioned

Are video games taking over your life?Video game addiction is characterized by excessive, out-of-control gaming that causes problems in a person’s life and impacts multiple areas of functioning. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes this condition as “gaming disorder.” In the U.S., gaming addiction is conceptualized as “internet gaming disorder” in the DSM-5.Compared to other age groups, young adults are at greater risk for video game addiction.1 Disordered gaming is also associated with other mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).2If you are concerned about your behaviors around gaming, answer the questions below and share your results with a licensed mental health professional.This self-test was adapted from criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. It is designed to screen for the possibility of gaming disorder, and it is intended for personal use only.

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Q: “What Is Trauma’s Relationship to BPD and ADHD?”

Q: “How should clinicians understand a patient’s experience with trauma and adverse events in relation to conditions that are often associated with trauma, like borderline personality disorder (BPD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? How should clinicians take traumatic events into consideration when evaluating and treating these patients?”With ADHD, we know that individuals have a higher risk for various kinds of trauma.1 We also know that the signs of trauma — like inattention and emotional dysregulation — can overlap with the signs of ADHD. Attention issues, for example, can be due to intrusive thoughts about a traumatic event.

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U.S. Task Force Releases New Mental Health Screening Recommendations

June 26, 2023In an effort to identify and treat anxiety disorders early on, clinicians should screen adults ages 19 to 64 in primary care settings, according to a new recommendation by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force released in June and published in JAMA.1, 2 The task force also recommended routine screenings for major depressive disorder among adults, including pregnant and postpartum people.It was the first time the task force, an independent panel of clinicians whose recommendations influence doctors’ standard practices and insurance plans, called for anxiety screenings in adults.

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[Self-Test] Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), also called sociopathy or psychopathy, is characterized by disregard for and violation of the rights of others.1 People with ASPD often engage in unlawful behaviors and display a reckless disregard for the safety of themselves and others. They often exhibit irritable and aggressive behaviors, and they may get into physical fights or assault others.

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[Self-Test] Could You Have a Substance Use Disorder?

Problematic patterns of substance use (i.e., drug and/or alcohol use) that significantly interfere with functioning and quality of life are potentially indicative of a substance use disorder (SUD). SUDs are chronic but treatable diseases that affect millions of Americans, and often co-occur with other conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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Live Webinar on July 13: ADHD in the African-American Community: Strategies to Improve Care and Treatment

Not available July 13? Don’t worry. Register now and we’ll send you the replay link to watch at your convenience.ADHD is routinely under-diagnosed in African-American children due to myriad factors, including structural inequalities in medical care and schools across the U.S.

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A Clinician’s Guide to Differentiating ADHD and Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) — characterized by unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image and identity issues, and impulsivity — shares many traits and features with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comorbidity that is largely under-appreciated despite its significant clinical implications.The ADHD-BPD overlap comes into focus when we look beyond the core symptoms of ADHD — inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity — and consider the full effect of ADHD and its related features, like dopamine deficiency and emotional dysregulation, on various domains of life. Through this lens, we can recognize how ADHD presents in ways that may resemble the symptoms of BPD, and how misdiagnosis may occur.In addition to sharing symptoms, BPD and ADHD can co-occur and influence each other’s presentation.

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[Self-Test] PMDD Test: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Symptoms

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a serious but treatable condition that affects 5.5% of people who menstruate.1 A severe version of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), PMDD is a mood disorder characterized by marked sadness, irritability, depressed mood, and/or anger, and other behavioral and physical symptoms that appear during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (about two weeks before menses) and remit within a few days of menstruation.2 The symptoms of PMDD cause significant distress and functional impairment.It’s not a requirement that PMDD symptoms appear leading up to every period, though symptoms must have occurred in most of the menstrual cycles during the past year. A diagnosis of PMDD, per the DSM-5, should also be confirmed by tracking daily symptoms during at least two menstrual cycles.PMDD often co-occurs with other psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder.34 Individuals with PMDD are also at greater risk for suicide and suicidal behavior.3 Research on PMDD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is limited, though a 2021 study of 209 women with ADHD found that more than 45% of them reported having symptoms suggestive of PMDD.5In a recent ADDitude survey, two-third of women surveyed said they experienced PMS and/or PMDD.

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“Drowning on the Inside:” Misunderstood Symptoms of ADHD in Women

A little boy bouncing off the walls of his classroom, blurting out and squirming incessantly. This is the image of ADHD burned in our popular culture — and in the minds of too many medical professionals.

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Live Webinar on May 24: New Insights Into and Treatments for Comorbid Depression

Not available May 24? Don’t worry. Register now and we’ll send you the replay link to watch at your convenience.Adults with ADHD are up to six times more likely than are their neurotypical peers to have Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), which is characterized by extreme sadness, loss of interest, and mania. Not only is MDD more prevalent in adults with ADHD, but the disorder can have an outsized effect on women and girls who have both conditions.

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The 15 Most Corrosive ADHD Myths

Our understanding of ADHD has leapfrogged forward over the last generation. No longer considered a diagnosis just for hyper little boys, ADHD is recognized (at last!) as a lifelong condition that cannot be outgrown.

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Dyslexia Test: Free Screener for Adults

“Am I dyslexic?” Many undiagnosed adults find themselves asking this question, especially after a lifetime of otherwise unexplained reading challenges — and subsequent academic, professional, and/or personal problems.Though commonly considered a childhood disorder, dyslexia can be diagnosed at any age by a knowledgeable psychologist, diagnostic specialist or learning disability specialist. The first step? Take the free dyslexia test below, and show the results of this 13-question screener to your doctor to see if your symptoms align with those of dyslexia.Your doctor can give you a referral for further dyslexia testing by specialists use a variety of reading assessments and instruments, including the Lindamood Test (for sound and phonetics), the Woodcock Johnson Achievement Battery, and the Grey Oral Reading Test among others to detect dyslexia.[Dyslexia Test for Children: Find the Pediatric Screener Here]Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects reading abilities.

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Live Webinar on March 21: ADHD Then and Now: How Our Understanding Has Evolved

Not available March 21? Don’t worry. Register now and we’ll send you the replay link to watch at your convenience.Over its lifetime, ADHD has been a lightning rod for controversy and for heated debates over its increasing diagnostic rates, its pharmacological treatment, and its links to factors like screen use and social media.

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Probable Risk Genes Linked to ADHD in Large Study

February 16, 2023Researchers have “refined the genetic architecture of ADHD” after identifying 27 variations in genetic code that are most present in people with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. A Danish-led international genome-wide association study (GWAS) published in Nature highlighted these and 76 probable risk genes — including “brain-expressed genes” involved in development and genes known to influence other psychiatric disorders.

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Live Webinar on March 15: Borderline Personality Disorder & Its Connection to ADHD

Not available March 15? Don’t worry. Register now and we’ll send you the replay link to watch at your convenience.Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by emotional dysregulation, an unstable self-image, and interpersonal problems — all symptoms associated with ADHD as well.

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Body Image, Bigorexia, and Eating Disorders in Men and Boys

When grappling with eating disorders, we typically think about the disturbing effects on young girls and women.But as many as one in three individuals with an eating disorder is male. About 10 million males in the United States will struggle with an eating disorder in their lifetime, according to the National Eating Disorders Association.Watching sculpted male actors on the big screen and seeing fitness magazine covers of muscular men with six-pack abs, boys and young men risk developing body dissatisfaction and body image disorders like bigorexia.

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[Self-Test] ARFID in Adults

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder most widely recognized in children, but it is not uncommon in adults. Individuals with ARFID will have trouble meeting nutritional and/or energy needs for any of the following reasons:Food restriction and avoidance in ARFID are not linked to body image issues, as with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

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How ADHD Can Intensify Physical Health Conditions

The most common and widely understood ADHD comorbidities are anxiety and depression. But many adults with ADHD are also living with physical health conditions that seriously complicate their ADHD symptom management, and vice versa.We recently asked ADDitude readers: Do you have any physical health conditions that make it difficult to care for yourself and your ADHD? Have they been exacerbated or even caused by inconsistent or delayed treatment due to ADHD symptoms? Click the link above to add your comments.“I have asthma and migraines. I get so overwhelmed or overwork myself due to my ADHD.

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[Self-Test] Eating Disorders in Adults

About 30 million people in the U.S. will develop an eating disorder during their lifetime.1 The most common eating disorders – anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) – are characterized by unhealthy behaviors and thoughts around food, eating, and body image.Eating disorders often occur alongside other conditions.

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Sensory Processing Disorder: Adult Symptom Test for SPD

What causes sensory overload? If you find itchy tags unbearable, loud music intolerable, and perfume simply sickening, you may have Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) — a condition that disrupts the way the brain takes in, organizes, and uses the messages received through the eyes, ears, muscles, joints, skin and inner ears. SPD may cause sensory overload, but it may also cause you to crave sensory stimulation through deep-tissue massages, winding motorcycle rides, or skydiving adventures.

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Why We Need U.S. Guidelines for Adults with ADHD

December 27, 2022U.S. guidelines for diagnosing and treating adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are long overdue.Adult patients with ADHD deserve high-quality care, and providers likewise deserve authoritative resources that outline effective, evidence-based practices for adult ADHD.

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Study: Genetic Risk for ADHD Linked to Alzheimer’s Disease, Cognitive Decline

December 22, 2022Older adults with a genetic risk for ADHD may be more susceptible to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).1 These results, published recently in Molecular Psychiatry, shed light on ADHD-related vulnerability to cognitive impairments as people age.The ADHD polygenic risk score (ADHD-PRS) “represents the combined genetic liability for the disorder” and “is highly associated with ADHD diagnosis and related traits in independent clinical and population samples.” Researchers found that a higher ADHD-PRS was associated with greater decline of cognitive performance and memory impairment over time, and persistent executive function deficits compared to participant baselines. Study participants included adults aged 55 to 90 without a clinical diagnosis for ADHD or cognitive impairments.The Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite (PACC) detects early signs of decline in cognitive function and was adapted to the current study.

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Study: Molecular Changes in Autism Span Cerebral Cortex

November 16, 2022The brains of autistic individuals experience widespread molecular changes across the cerebral cortex. The most differential changes occur in the primary visual cortex, according to a recent study published in Nature that analyzed 11 cortical areas of the brain.1 Most molecular profiling studies highlight changes limited to the frontal and temporal cortex.To further understand the brain pathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), researchers performed RNA-sequencing analysis on 112 post-mortem samples.

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How Is ADHD Diagnosed? Your Free Guide

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The Most Commonly Misdiagnosed Symptoms of Autism in Adults

Watch the Webinar Replay: “Could I Be on the Autism Spectrum?” The Adults’ Guide to Pursuing an Accurate ASD DiagnosisBefore receiving a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), many adults are misdiagnosed with a variety of conditions, according to the Asperger/Autism Network. These misdiagnoses stem, in part, from widespread unfamiliarity with the signs and symptoms of autism in adults, particularly those who were never evaluated or diagnosed in childhood.Though it’s true ASD may present alongside other comorbid or coexisting conditions, these ancillary diagnoses are not always relevant or helpful, as many symptoms are better explained by the diagnosis of ASD.The following are symptoms or characteristics of ASD commonly (and mistakenly) attributed to other conditions:[Self-Test: Could You Have Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder?]ASD is a spectrum disorder, meaning symptoms can range from mild to severe.

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“What Costs More: The ADHD Tax or the Shame It Brings?”

We turn to paper plates when our dishes pile up (which is often). I left a can of Coke next to my Chromebook, which ended predictably. My therapist never sent me an appointment reminder; I now owe her for a full-cost, out-of-pocket session.

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“Lazy.” “Scatterbrained.” “Weird.” What Labels Preceded Your ADHD Diagnosis?

If you received an adult ADHD diagnosis, there’s a good chance you lived too long being called one or all of these things: Procrastinator. Drama Queen. Clutz.

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What Are the Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

If your child takes “defiant” to a whole new level, you probably feel at the end of your rope. Before you start pursuing treatment, however, it’s important to know exactly what you’re dealing with.

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[Self-Test] Avoidant Personality Disorder

Avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) is characterized by patterns of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation.1 People with AVPD fear rejection and criticism from others, and tend to view themselves as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others. They are unlikely to take risks or engage in new activities that could expose them to evaluation from others.

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The Defining Signs of Dyslexia Too Often Ignored

Perhaps the most broadly recognized learning disability, dyslexia is defined as a difficulty with spelling and word recognition. While some individuals with dyslexia do read words backwards, this condition manifests differently in different people; it is complex.

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[Self-Test] Histrionic Personality Disorder

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is characterized by persistent patterns of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors.1 People with HPD feel uncomfortable or unappreciated when they are not the center of attention, and they may go to great lengths — like inventing stories, creating a dramatic scene, and/or making inappropriate advances — to get the attention they crave.People with HPD may display over-the-top, exaggerated emotional and behavioral responses to minor situations, often to the great discomfort of those around them. What’s more, they often exhibit rapidly shifting emotions.

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What is Histrionic Personality Disorder? HPD Symptoms, Treatments & Causes

Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) is psychiatric condition associated with a pattern of attention-seeking behavior, inappropriate sexually seductive behavior, and discomfort with being outside the center of attention. People with HPD are overly dramatic and display exaggerated emotions1.HPD is one of the rarest personality disorders, occurring in only 0.83% of the population2.HPD is one of 10 personality disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

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[Self-Test] Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).1Individuals with NPD have an inflated sense of self-importance, and may become upset or bewildered when they don’t receive the praise and attention they feel they deserve. As such, people with NPD often have fragile, highly variable self-esteem, and tend to be sensitive to criticism.

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What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder? NPD Symptoms, Types, Causes & Treatments

personality disorder, affecting about 6.2% of the population1. It is one of ten personality disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

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[Self-Test] Borderline Personality Disorder Test for Adults

emotional dysregulation, often resulting in unstable interpersonal relationships, hypersensitivity to rejection, distorted self-image, marked impulsivity, and self-harming behaviors.12 About 1.6% of the population has BPD.3 Women are more likely to be diagnosed with BPD than are men, though researchers believe that BPD is often underdiagnosed and/or overlooked in men due to gender bias, treatment reluctance among male patients, and other factors.4BPD falls under Cluster B personality disorders, which are marked by dramatic, overly emotional, and/or erratic thinking and behavior.1”People with borderline personality disorder tend to view things in extremes, such as in all good or all bad,” according to Dr. Stephanie Stepp, an associate professor of psychology and psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh, who specializes in BPD.

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How to Respond to Gaslighting — In Your Relationship and In Yourself

“How to Recognize (and End) Toxic Relationships with ADHD.” During the live event lead by Stephanie Sarkis, Ph.D., we received a staggering number of questions about responding to gaslighting and recognizing the signs of a toxic relationship. Here are some of those questions answered by ADDitude editors — with links to relevant resources.Q1: “What if I’m only attracted to gaslighters? When a nice guy comes along, I tend to get bored.”Gaslighters will create an environment full of emotional ups and downs.

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What Is a Personality Disorder? Symptoms of Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic & Other PDs

1. Though each personality disorder has unique features, common symptoms include:Personality disorders are serious mental health conditions that affect almost 10% of American adults and are frequently comorbid with mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders2.

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Live Webinar on August 17: What Is Hoarding vs. ADHD Clutter? Defining Characteristics and Strategies to Help

Not available August 17? Don’t worry. Register now and we’ll send you the replay link to watch at your convenience.The clutter that accompanies ADHD is often confused with a hoarding disorder.

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Expanded, Objective ADHD Screening Tools Needed: Expert Consortium Calls for Diagnosis Overhaul

July 19, 2022ADHD is a complex diagnosis that most clinicians are ill-equipped to make thanks, in part, to poor understanding of condition comorbidities and inadequate diagnostic tools, especially for adults. This is the finding of the ADHD Expert Consortium, a panel of experts convened to study barriers to effective diagnosis and treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to propose solutions in a consensus statement that included five main recommendations:“ADHD must be viewed as a public health problem producing a substantial impact on the health, quality of life, and economic viability of the U.S.

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A Critical Need Ignored: Inadequate Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD After Age 60

ADHD) may flare and grow after midlife — especially when mixed with normal age-related cognitive decline, worsening physical health, and the lack of structure that often comes with retirement. Why then, do the unique needs of this large (and growing) population of adults with ADHD remain largely ignored in diagnostic tests, accepted treatment practices, and peer-reviewed research?The status quo is not working for older patients with ADHD; we need new protocols.

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Live Webinar on July 20: Maladaptive Daydreaming vs. ADHD: Important Similarities and Distinctive Differences

Not available July 20? Don’t worry. Register now and we’ll send you the replay link to watch at your convenience.Maladaptive daydreaming, sometimes called daydreaming disorder, describes the experience of becoming immersed in elaborate fantasies that lure an individual away from their day-to-day responsibilities for hours at a time.

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“My Red Flags for Depression Are Easily Mistaken for ADHD”

ADHD and depression can mimic one another, I’ve often asked myself: How do I know whether I’m depressed or simply struggling with my ADHD brain?There is one key difference between ADHD and depression when it comes to getting things done: interest. Those of us with ADHD are known for getting bored easily and struggling to do things we don’t find interesting. That’s because we have an interest-based nervous system.

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Live Webinar on July 7: Gaslighting, Love Bombing & Beyond: How to Recognize (and End) Toxic Relationships with ADHD

Not available July 7? Don’t worry. Register now and we’ll send you the replay link to watch at your convenience.Are toxic relationships more common among adults with ADHD? Some research and plenty of anecdotal evidence suggests that individuals with ADHD may be more vulnerable to emotional abuse like gaslighting and love bombing due to low self-esteem and prior relationship challenges.

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Live Webinar on June 22: Virtual Mental Health Providers: How to Get Quality ADHD Care Online

Not available June 22? Don’t worry. Register now and we’ll send you the replay link to watch at your convenience.New virtual care options emerged in the mental health care sector as more people turned to telehealth and teletherapy during the pandemic. Providers have increasingly embraced these new ways to reach patients, with services that include diagnosing ADHD, dispensing medication, and using cognitive behavioral therapy as part of treatment.

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The Tattered Promise of ADHD Telehealth

May 24, 2022It took just 30 minutes for Allison, 31, to receive a dual diagnosis of ADHD and anxiety from a psychotherapist on Cerebral. She joined the mental health subscription platform during the pandemic because the wait time to see an in-person clinician for an ADHD evaluation was long — too long for the mother of three children, two preschoolers and one 10-year-old with ADHD. Within one week of her diagnosis, a prescription for the antidepressant Wellbutrin was mailed directly to her home in Illinois.

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What Does ADHD Look Like in Women? Many Doctors Are Still Getting It Wrong

“I’m nearing the end of my rope,” said Michelle, a 38-year-old mother of two, to her internist. “I leave and then return to our apartment three times to retrieve everything I’ve forgotten. I don’t plan meals.

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What Was Your Tipping Point? Adult ADHD Diagnosis Stories

ADHD diagnoses among adults are growing four times faster than are ADHD diagnoses among children in the U.S. 1 Still, ADHD remains significantly underdiagnosed beyond childhood. Fewer than 20% of adults with ADHD are currently diagnosed and receiving treatment, which means most are navigating symptoms without any support or treatment.

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Finding: Prevalence of ADHD High in Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics

April 15, 2021At least one in seven adult patients of psychiatric outpatient clinics has symptoms of ADHD — more than 5 times the rate found in the general population — according to a recent systematic review and meta-analysis published in the Journal of Attention Disorders. After administrating ADHD screening tests to patients, the clinics found that one in four adults demonstrated symptoms of ADHD.

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